The Anti-Endomysial Antibody (EMA-IgG) test detects IgG-class autoantibodies against endomysium, a connective tissue component found in muscles. This test is primarily used in diagnosing celiac disease when IgA-based testing is unreliable, such as in cases of IgA deficiency.
Celiac Disease (Gluten-sensitive enteropathy) – EMA-IgG is useful in diagnosing celiac disease, especially in patients with selective IgA deficiency, where the more commonly used EMA-IgA may be absent.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis – A gluten-related skin disorder, often associated with positive EMA antibodies.
Negative: No detectable IgG EMA antibodies (normal result).
Positive: Suggests an autoimmune response to gluten, supporting a celiac disease diagnosis. However, confirmation with other tests such as anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgG) and intestinal biopsy is usually recommended.
When celiac disease is suspected but IgA deficiency is present.
To monitor dietary adherence in patients diagnosed with celiac disease.
To investigate unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, bloating, malabsorption, or weight loss.
Anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA & tTG-IgG) – More commonly used screening tests.
Total serum IgA – To check for IgA deficiency.
Intestinal biopsy – Gold standard for confirming celiac disease.
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