The Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS) test is a serological test used to detect Treponema pallidum, the bacterium responsible for syphilis. It is a specific confirmatory test for syphilis after an initial non-treponemal test (e.g., RPR or VDRL).
Sample Collection: A blood sample is drawn from the patient.
Serum Processing: The sample is treated to remove non-specific antibodies.
Fluorescent Labeling: The patient’s serum is mixed with Treponema pallidum antigens. If antibodies are present, they bind to the bacteria.
Microscopic Examination: A fluorescent dye is added, and the sample is examined under a fluorescence microscope. If antibodies are present, they will glow under the microscope, indicating a positive result.
Confirmatory test for syphilis (used after a positive RPR/VDRL test)
Detects both current and past syphilis infections
Can be used in congenital syphilis diagnosis
✅ Positive FTA-ABS:
Indicates current or past syphilis infection (remains positive for life, even after successful treatment).
❌ Negative FTA-ABS:
No detectable antibodies against Treponema pallidum, meaning no syphilis or very early-stage infection.
⚠ False Positives:
Rare but possible in Lupus, Lyme disease, HIV, or certain autoimmune diseases.
| Test | Type | Purpose | When it becomes positive | After Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VDRL/RPR | Non-treponemal | Screening | 2-3 weeks after infection | Becomes negative |
| FTA-ABS | Treponemal | Confirmatory | 3-4 weeks after infection | Stays positive |
| TPHA/TPPA | Treponemal | Confirmatory | 3-4 weeks after infection | Stays positive |
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