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The BCR-ABL quantitative test measures the amount of BCR-ABL fusion gene in the blood or bone marrow. This gene is formed due to the Philadelphia chromosome (t[9;22]) translocation and is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and some cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
✅ Diagnosis of CML and Ph+ ALL
✅ Monitoring response to treatment (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib)
✅ Detecting minimal residual disease (MRD)
✅ Assessing disease progression or relapse
Uses real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure BCR-ABL mRNA levels.
Results are reported as a BCR-ABL/ABL ratio (%IS – International Scale).
Helps track disease burden and response to therapy.
| BCR-ABL % (IS Scale) | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| ≥10% | Diagnostic or resistant disease |
| <10% at 3 months | Good response |
| ≤1% (Major Molecular Response, MMR) | Significant response |
| ≤0.1% (Deep Molecular Response, DMR) | Excellent response |
| Undetectable | Possible complete remission |
Note: Persistent or rising levels may indicate treatment resistance or relapse, requiring further evaluation.
Every 3 months for the first 2 years
Every 3–6 months thereafter if stable
More frequently if there is concern for resistance or relapse