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The Anti-Endomysial Antibody (EMA-IgA) test detects IgA-class autoantibodies directed against the endomysium, a connective tissue component found in muscles. It is one of the most specific and reliable tests for diagnosing celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption.
Celiac Disease (Gluten-sensitive enteropathy) – EMA-IgA is a highly specific marker (>95%) for celiac disease.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis – A gluten-related skin disorder often associated with positive EMA antibodies.
Negative: No detectable IgA EMA antibodies (normal result).
Positive: Strongly suggests celiac disease. Further confirmation with other tests (e.g., anti-tissue transglutaminase [tTG-IgA] and small intestinal biopsy) is usually recommended.
To diagnose celiac disease in symptomatic patients.
To confirm celiac disease after positive anti-tTG (tissue transglutaminase) antibodies.
To monitor dietary adherence in patients with celiac disease.
Total Serum IgA – Since IgA deficiency can lead to false-negative results, this test is done alongside EMA-IgA.
Anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA) – More commonly used for initial screening due to its high sensitivity.
Small Intestinal Biopsy – The gold standard for confirming celiac disease.