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1512 Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Panel

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Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Panel

The Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Panel includes autoantibody tests to diagnose autoimmune-mediated liver inflammation. These tests help differentiate AIH from other liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, or metabolic disorders.

🔬 Autoimmune Hepatitis Panel – Key Tests & Markers

1️⃣ ANA (Antinuclear Antibody)

✔ Purpose: Detects autoantibodies against nuclear components.
✔ Findings:

  • Positive (High Titers): Suggests Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1 (AIH-1).

  • Also found in Lupus, Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

2️⃣ ASMA (Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody)

✔ Purpose: Detects antibodies against smooth muscle proteins (actin, tubulin, vimentin).
✔ Findings:

  • Highly positive in AIH-1 (Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis).

  • Also found in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and chronic liver diseases.

3️⃣ AMA (Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody)

✔ Purpose: Detects antibodies against mitochondria, primarily seen in PBC.
✔ Findings:

  • Strongly positive in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC).

  • Rarely positive in AIH but may indicate overlap syndrome (AIH-PBC).

4️⃣ LKM-1 (Liver-Kidney Microsomal Antibody Type 1)

✔ Purpose: Detects antibodies against liver microsomal enzymes.
✔ Findings:

  • Strongly positive in Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2 (AIH-2).

  • More common in children and young adults.

  • Rare in AIH-1 but helps differentiate AIH-1 from AIH-2.

🩸 Additional Tests for AIH Diagnosis & Monitoring

✅ Total IgG & IgA Levels – Elevated in AIH.
✅ Liver Function Tests (ALT, AST, ALP, Bilirubin, Albumin, INR) – To assess liver damage.
✅ Fibroscan / Liver Biopsy – Confirms fibrosis, inflammation, and autoimmune liver damage.

🔍 Autoimmune Hepatitis Types & Marker Association

Test AIH Type 1 AIH Type 2 PBC (Overlap)
ANA ✅ Positive ❌ Rare ✅ Possible
ASMA ✅ Positive ❌ Rare ✅ Mild
AMA ❌ Negative ❌ Negative ✅ Strongly Positive
LKM-1 ❌ Rare ✅ Strongly Positive ❌ Negative

Why is the Autoimmune Hepatitis Panel Important?

✔ Differentiates AIH subtypes (Type 1 vs. Type 2) for better treatment.
✔ Identifies AIH-PBC overlap syndrome, requiring different management.
✔ Guides immunosuppressive therapy (steroids, azathioprine, biologics).