Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) & Hormonal Tests

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular periods, excessive androgens (male hormones), and polycystic ovaries. The following tests help diagnose and assess PCOD:

Hormonal & Metabolic Tests for PCOD

1. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

   • Role: Stimulates ovulation.
   • PCOD Effect: Increased LH levels (LH/FSH ratio >2:1) are common, leading to excess androgens and anovulation.
   • Normal Range: 2–10 mIU/mL (varies by phase of cycle).

2. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

   • Role: Helps in follicle development.
   • PCOD Effect: Normal or slightly low FSH, causing immature follicles and ovulatory dysfunction.
   • Normal Range: 3–10 mIU/mL (varies by phase of cycle).

3. Prolactin (PRL)

   • Role: Regulates lactation and reproductive hormones.
   • PCOD Effect: Mildly elevated PRL may be seen in some cases and can lead to irregular cycles.
   • Normal Range: <25 ng/mL in women.

4. Total Testosterone (T2) & Free Testosterone (FT2)

   • Role: Androgen hormone linked to hair growth and acne.
   • PCOD Effect: Elevated testosterone levels lead to symptoms like hirsutism, acne, and hair thinning.
   • Normal Range:
     • Total Testosterone: 15–70 ng/dL
     • Free Testosterone: 0.3–3.0 pg/mL

5. Basal Serum Fasting Glucose (BSF) & Insulin Fasting (INS-F)

   • Role: Checks blood sugar and insulin resistance.
   • PCOD Effect: Insulin resistance is common in PCOD, leading to weight gain and diabetes risk.
   • Normal Ranges:
     • BSF (Fasting Blood Sugar): 70–100 mg/dL
     • INS-F (Fasting Insulin): 2–25 µU/mL (high in insulin resistance).

Precautions Before Testing

✔ Fasting for 8-12 hours is required for insulin and glucose tests.
✔ Avoid stress and excessive exercise before hormone tests.
✔ Tests should be done on Day 2–5 of the menstrual cycle (for LH, FSH, T2, FT2, PRL).
✔ Inform your doctor about medications (e.g., birth control pills, steroids) as they may affect results.
✔ Blood samples should be taken in the morning for accurate hormone levels.